Recognizing Anaphylactic Symptoms
Discuss what symptoms are associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. How will the nurse differentiate these from other conditions or issues? What steps should be taken if the nurse suspects anaphylaxis?
Initial discussion question posts should be a minimum of 200 words and include at least two references cited using APA format
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Recognizing Anaphylactic Symptoms
Symptoms of Hypersensitivity and Anaphylaxis
Hypersensitivity reactions are exaggerated immune responses that can range from mild to life-threatening. Common symptoms of hypersensitivity include rash, itching, hives, nasal congestion, sneezing, and watery eyes. More severe forms may involve swelling, wheezing, difficulty breathing, or gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea (Reber et al., 2017). Anaphylaxis, a type I hypersensitivity reaction, is the most severe and rapid response. It typically presents with symptoms such as airway constriction, low blood pressure, dizziness, and rapid pulse. Swelling of the tongue or throat and a sense of impending doom may also occur (Simons et al., 2020).
Nursing Response and Differentiation of Anaphylaxis
Differentiating anaphylaxis from other conditions is crucial for timely treatment. Unlike asthma or anxiety attacks, anaphylaxis usually occurs suddenly after exposure to an allergen and involves multi-system symptoms including skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular involvement. Nurses should assess for recent exposure to known allergens such as food, medications, or insect stings. In the presence of difficulty breathing, hypotension, and rash, the nurse should immediately suspect anaphylaxis.
If anaphylaxis is suspected, the nurse should administer intramuscular epinephrine without delay, as it is the first-line treatment. The nurse must also activate emergency medical services, maintain the airway, and provide supplemental oxygen if needed. Monitoring vital signs and preparing for cardiopulmonary resuscitation are essential steps. After stabilization, the patient should be observed for biphasic reactions and referred for follow-up care and allergy testing. After stabilization, the patient should be observed for biphasic reactions and referred for follow-up care and allergy testing………………………………..
